Sunday, 22 March 2026

Western WI RF messaging capability

 Some years ago, I wrote a tutorial on APRS messaging, leaning heavily on the existing work of KJ4ERJ. If you don't understand how APRS messaging works, you might want to review that previous post from 9/22. 

 The messaging capability of the APRS network is a powerful and mostly-overlooked facet of APRS. The -IS (Internet Service) is leveraged to deliver messages globally. It provides, through gateways and digipeaters, the means to reach RF operators over a wide area with general-target messaging. But increasingly, operators are discovering that APRS messaging provides access to services, too. 

 These services include things like ANSRVR, which allows group chats. Whether it's a club, a CERT team, or just individuals sharing POTA spots, ANSRVR allows you to instantly create a group and have others join it. It also handles things like nets, such as APRSH and APRSTHURSDAY -- which is probably where most operators' familiarity with APRS messaging begins and ends. 

 But there are other services, like MPAD (and its variants). There are at least a few services providing weather info (current and forecasts), and things like an IRC chat room for amateurs. The SMS service allows an amateur operator to send or receive SMS texts to/from cell phones. Satellite pass predictions, local information, and social media crossovers are also available to hams using APRS messaging. It seems like a new service pops up every year, and these are usually Python-based applications run on -IS connected APRS stations. 

 RF-only messaging 

 Most messaging and services rely on the -IS to function. Yes, it's entirely possible to send an RF message to another RF station by way of simplex (if both are in range), using the NOGATE path. In the vast majority of cases, however, "RF to RF" is handled through a gateway or digipeater. 

 Suppose that you are in the metro using a 5w handheld as an APRS rig, and you want to send a message to another RF operator in Two Harbors (north of Duluth). You can do that. Your packet will be digipeated to one of our local gateways, or heard directly by an RX-only or TX gateway -- and there are several of these in the metro. The message will be carried by the -IS to the TX gateway in Knife River (KNFRVR) and transmitted over the air to your intended station. This assumes that the operator in Two Harbors has transmitted their location recently, and that KNFRVR has gated that location packet. 

 In this case, the APRS network has used the recent RF location packet of your recipient to determine that KNFRVR is likely to be able to reach your acquaintance in Two Harbors. It will use the nearest TX gateway to the recipient to transmit your message over RF. 

 The network will not, however, use the TX gateway in Fargo, Faribault, Winona, or St. Cloud (for example) to transmit your message to the RF operator in Two Harbors. Why not? Because there is no evidence that these stations are in range of the recipient in Two Harbors. 

 It's important to note that digipeaters will not perform this task. Since they aren't connected to the -IS, they will never get your packet sent to a metro gateway. Yes, your original RF message can be digipeated, but that only helps if that digipeater can reach a gateway. And yes, your message can digipeated after being transmitted by KNFRVR. 

 IF your RF-only recipient is not in range of a TX gateway, then you are probably out of luck. In that case, it does no good for your RF-only recipient to reach a TX gateway through a digipeater. Your message will certainly be sent over the -IS, but if your recipient isn't connected to the -IS, that's of no use. 

 Western Wisconsin 

 Okay... enough background. It should be clear that you need a TX gateway to send messages to operators over RF. 

 Western WI has very few TX gateways. 

Arrows mark TX gateways

 As always, you can click on the image above to view a larger version. The map above shows only gateways. If there isn't an arrow pointing to a particular gateway, then it's an RX-only gateway (or it's not in western WI). Frankly, the Stevens Point gateway is stretching the boundaries of "western WI" as it is.

 An RX-only gateway can take a received RF-based message and send it over the -IS to the appropriate TX gateway for RF transmission. Since the RX-only gateway has no RF transmission capability, it simply can't relay an RF-based message to a digipeater -- or even directly to an RF-only recipient located across the street from the gateway. 

 If an RF-only APRS operator isn't within simplex range of N9MEC-8, KB9WGP-10, or KB9TTQ-1, then they are very unlikely to receive any messages sent to them. 

 In theory, the massive digipeater network in WI could relay the original RF-based message sent by another operator, and that digipeated message could possibly be heard by the recipient over RF. But the digipeaters would just be handling the original message like any other location packet or beacon ID. And it would be limited by the number of "hops" in the original message's N-path. It's hardly a reliable solution, however.

 Different models 

 As I've previously written, Wisconsin has a more organized model than MN. And that WI model has always relied almost exclusively on digipeaters to provide coverage. 

 Over the past few years, many gateways have popped up across WI, unsanctioned by WINET or WECOM. This isn't to imply that they are operating illegally or creating problems; it simply means that they are not part of the "old school vision" embraced by the big amateur radio organizations in Wisconsin. Going back just five years, the number of I-Gates in the state was in the single digits and almost all were in the eastern half of the state. 

 There are still factions in the packet community that see RF operation as the only 'legitimate' means, and they see any kind of -IS integration as 'cheating'. But the potential of APRS messaging and access to services is slowly undermining that "vision".

 The dirty little secret of the old WINET/WECOM model is that it relied almost entirely on gateways in other states in order to work properly. Endlessly tossing packets across the state over RF might be nice if amateurs using APRS were sitting at a terminal watching RF traffic in real-time, but few participate in APRS that way. By incorporating the -IS through gateways, traffic can be stored, compiled, and examined -- while being available to operators across the globe. Packets that don't get gated just evaporate into the ether, like a tree falling in the forest that nobody sees. 

 The increase in RX-only gateways across Wisconsin largely solves that problem. Digipeated packets are now gated efficiently. Propagation can be evaluated in real-time. Coverage of individual stations can be assessed. And "enthusiastic individuals" can make a contribution to the wider network by setting up a gateway -- regardless of any "old school vision". But access to messaging isn't a feature of this newly-developed situation.

 By contrast, MN has a fairly robust network of TX gateways around the state. Certainly, there are glaring gaps in that coverage, and all gateways aren't created equal. We also have our fair share of RX-only gateways, but these are more of a supplement to existing coverage, providing a path to gateway for digipeaters and boosting coverage for low-power stations in the area. None of this has been dictated or co-ordinated by a central organization. It's all "organic" growth spurred by individuals who see a need and step up to fill it. Nothing about Wisconsin precludes the same efforts from being successful. 

 Summary 

 Digipeaters are a poor solution for RF-based APRS messaging. If they succeed in providing that function, it's sheer luck. Placing even a modest TX gateway near a big digi can show dramatic results. 

 Perhaps the gateway last heard a mobile station 30 minutes earlier, and that mobile station is already out of range of the modest gateway. The network will still see that modest TX gateway as the best solution, and the message will be transmitted over RF by the modest gateway -- but it will be re-transmitted by the big digipeater to actually reach that mobile station that is now further away. Without that modest TX gateway to make the RF transmission of the message, none of this is viable. 

 And none of this involves massive towers, expensive gear, or extensive technical knowledge. It could be as basic as a 5w HT connected to a Microsat TNC running a 1/4-wave ground plane antenna on the roof of a rambler. As long as the modest TX gateway can reach the big digipeater, the message will probably reach the recipient, assuming the gateway heard the recipient station recently. 

 As far as RF-based messaging goes, a TX gateway is only as valuable as the range of its direct coverage (i.e. stations heard without being relayed by a digi). In this regard, "mega-stations" have an advantage. But positive results can easily be achieved with small-scale solutions, because APRS is a network

Saturday, 7 March 2026

New satellite digipeater coming soon

  The digipeater on the ISS has been off-air for a while now. There was a brief trial of a UHF digi (437.825 MHz) from the ISS, but that was scheduled to end this week. The ARISS status page shows this UHF digi is still operating, however. If you want to try it out, replace your path (e.g. "WIDE2-2") with "APRSAT" (no quote marks). 

 The best remaining choice for APRS satellite digipeater operation is now SONATE-2. It's on a simplex frequency of 145.825 MHz, and the path from your station must be "DP0SNX" for it to respond. 

 A new Taiwanese"bird" will be launched (probably) by the end of March. NUTSAT-3 will have a digipeater on 145.825 MHz simplex (the standard satellite digipeater frequency) and responds to either the "BN0UTC" or "ARISS" paths. It will also carry an FM repeater. You would transmit on 145.980 (67 Hz PL tone), and RX on 435.250 MHz. No word on the TX power, but these things are typically a mere 250 mW. 

 The FM repeater on the ISS is still working, and it uses an amazing five watts of TX power. Easy to hear with an HT and a stock duck. You TX on 145.990 (PL 67.0), and RX on 437.800 MHz.

Saturday, 31 January 2026

2025 amateur license numbers

   2025 was a strange year for the amateur radio license numbers. While 2024 ended with about 745.6k licenses on the books, this was deemed "normal" and we could all safely dismiss any concerns about that total declining by 23.6k since the end of 2022. 

 2025 did not begin well. The totals slowly declined to 742.5k in June, and then rose very slowly to 744.4k by the end of September. That was still a net decline of around 1.2k from 2024, but it was spun as a huge victory. Surely we would end 2025 with a modest gain, and we could chuckle at anyone who ever believed otherwise. 

 Then The Shutdown happened

 With the federal government shut down, the FCC no longer processed new licenses or renewals of existing licenses. Obviously, the numbers would decline. My records show that we lost 7.1k amateur licenses during that period. That's a lot over about two months. 

 But not to worry, because there would be a strong "rebound" after the shutdown ended. Many, many (we were told) new hams had taken their exams, the paperwork was all in the hands of the appropriate people, and we'd see a big influx of new licenses as these applications were processed by the FCC. Many, many (we were told) people were breathlessly waiting for the chance to renew their expired licenses. 

 The shutdown ended with the total reduced to about 737.9k

 In the last part of November, we did see strong growth of about 970 in the net gain category. That's nice, but still a far cry from the 7.1k net decline we had just suffered. But December wasn't much better: just under 1100 net gain. Nice, but not some kind of massive rebound representing pent-up demand. 

 We ended 2025 with a shocking net decline of just over 6.6k in the license totals. Of those losses, just under 5.5k were in the Technician Class. The General Class remained largely stagnant, only seeing a net loss of 18 licenses in 2025. The Extra Class saw a net gain of just over 1300. 

 The significance of the continued decline in the Technician Class was, of course, dismissed out of hand. Although 49% of the total licensed amateur community, the entire Class was cast as a ghetto of idiots, losers, and lazy bums who never should have been allowed in to the senior hams' private club in the first place. It became popular to call for eliminating the Technician Class altogether

 The stagnation of the General Class was blamed on lazy Techs who were too stupid to know that it's their JOB to advance to the General Class. Oh, and it was also pitched as a "good sign", because it meant (to some people) that large numbers of General Class licensees were upgrading to Extra -- rather than dying or otherwise exiting the hobby. 

 The growth in the Extra Class was spun as a glorious victory, even though we achieved a nearly identical net gain in this Class in 2024 (1350 as opposed to 1325 in 2025). 

 Shifting narratives 

 After devoting years to denying that the totals were declining in any meaningful way whatsoever, the losses in the shutdown prompted an entirely new narrative that required ignoring that the previous narrative had become untenable. 

 The new narrative is now this: the numbers don't matter

 Now, we all know that the numbers will "matter" again if they show a sustained increase. As I've said before, the amateur group-think is evolving into something resembling religious faith. Whatever the latest decree by the Wise Elders, the previous decree that we all obediently bowed to becomes forgotten. Regardless of the actual situation, we are always winning -- or just on the cusp of a big win. The hobby can never fail; we can only fail the hobby by losing faith in the brilliant wisdom of our Great Thought Leaders. 

 This new narrative is based on the usual false dichotomies found in all discussions of the hobby. If the hobby isn't "dying", then the only reasonable thing to believe is that the hobby is vibrant, robust, and completely healthy -- or at least, that's the zero-sum logic put forth by the Great Minds. There is no middle ground, such as "slowly declining and losing popularity". We don't need to engage in any introspection or discuss why this is happening. The Old Guard has spoken, and we nod along with the idea that these declines are completely irrelevant. 

 This is why there is no need to square narratives of a robust "rebound" with the actual anemic results. 

 January 2026 

 Big things were expected this month. After more than two months, the hordes of newly-licensed Techs and the vast crowds of those who licenses had lapsed during the shutdown would make a strong showing. All doubts would be erased. 

  The month is virtually over, however, and we ended with a small net decline. We now have about 330 fewer licensed amateurs than we had at the end of 2025. The number of Extra Class licenses actually declined by a net of 50 this month. The General Class saw a net increase of about 80, and Technicians declined by about 100. Not the kind of stellar "rebound" that was expected. 

 Summary 

 We have now entered some kind of magical never-never land where hard facts melt in the face of blind faith. For a hobby that considers itself to be some kind of intellectual elite towering over the feeble minds of the average citizen, this marks a fundamentally different turn in rhetoric. 

 We are told that we need to cleanse the amateur ranks of half our numbers, by getting rid of the Technician Class. Since "the numbers don't matter", losing half of the total also "doesn't matter". If 363.5k Techs never saw the value in upgrading to General from Technician, I'm not sure how strong the lure of General Class privileges really is. It seems obvious that a hell of a lot of those people don't even find Technician Class privileges to be compelling, judging by the tens of thousands allowing their licenses to lapse. Once again, the Wise Elders are dramatically miscalculating how desperate the average person is to participate in amateur radio. We already have to lie, browbeat, cajole, and exaggerate to bring in new Techs. It beggars belief that making it much harder to get an amateur license will result in more people making the increased effort to join the hobby. Further, it makes it crystal clear to existing Technician Class licensees that they aren't welcome in the hobby -- thus accelerating the broad exit we are already seeing. 

 Will making the amateur population "purer" really make it "healthier"? If you define HF operation as the only worthwhile aspect of the hobby, I suppose it does. If you casually dismiss everything else (packet, satcom, microwave, VHF/UHF weak-signal) as merely "fooling around", I suppose this would make sense. But is the hobby really "healthier" by relying on the paternalistic 'wisdom' of the Wise Elders to tell us what's best for us? Or is it healthier to allow operators to choose their own path in the hobby?

No problems here!

  I came across an article on amateurradio.com about the decline of the hobby. Written by KE9V, the post is a collection of false premises, strawman arguments, and missed conclusions. In other words, it's typical of the way hams discuss their own hobby

https://ke9v.net/2026/01/24/your-fault.html 

 The conclusion of the article subtly lines up with the Approved Opinions that the hobby's group-think dictates: the only problem with the hobby is that stupid people think there are problems in the hobby. 

 The author presents a series of compromises and concessions that hams have made in pursuit of popularity. The implication is that changing things hasn't helped, so change of any kind is bad and pointless. It never dawns on KE9V that these changes failed to address the real problems, instead mostly working on the margins. It's like saying, "I rotated the tires, but the engine still won't start!"

 For example, the ARRL's public relations campaign failed to move the needle. That's true. But suppose that the hobby didn't have a "public relations problem" to begin with, or that we're not losing licensed amateurs because of "image" -- but maybe something else. Yet, this is spun as just another case of some party trying to fix something that wasn't broken.

 One glaring false premise is that KE9V lumps two different problems into one; a logical fallacy. Attracting new amateurs and retaining existing amateurs are two very different problems that are addressed in very different ways. And the real issue is not that we aren't attracting new licensees. We've been doing a reasonably good job on that front. Instead, the issue is that we aren't able to hold on the licensees that we already have. 

 Since the end of 2022, the number of licensed amateur operators has declined by about 30.6k. Of that figure, 24k were Technician Class licenses. The General Class has largely stagnated, only showing a net loss of about 800 licenses during that period. 

 This shows that there are a lot of people out there who got their license, and didn't see it as worthwhile to renew it after ten years. And it also shows that upgrading to General Class isn't as appealing as it once was to Techs. So... if your strawman 'solution' is to tinker with the licensing and testing, then you aren't addressing the issue of retaining existing licensees. And you shouldn't imply that efforts to bring new hams in reflects on efforts to retain hams. But, the false premise is spun as: changes to licensing and testing haven't stopped the decline in numbers, so changing anything in the hobby is futile and pointless

 The retention issues are the result of poor social interactions. KE9V dances around this as a possibility, but ultimately (and facetiously) dismisses the notion as just another failed narrative in a futile effort to fix something that was never broken. 

 As is typical in amateur 'discussions', a false dichotomy is implied. Senior hams can only be openly hostile or fawningly ass-kissing to new hams. There's no middle ground, apparently. And since we know that the former premise isn't true, we can (supposedly) safely conclude that the latter premise must be true. Since new hams aren't attacked, insulted, ridiculed, and verbally abused on a regular basis by every senior ham, then we are supposed to accept this as proof that there are no deficiencies whatsoever in the way new entrants are dealt with -- or the way existing Technicians are interacted with. If it's not horribly one way, it must be completely the other way. This kind of binary, zero-sum, black-and-white thinking is expressed throughout virtually all discussions of any aspect of the hobby among hams. By way of this false premise, KE9V concludes that senior hams have done everything humanly possible -- because they haven't been uniformly and constantly hostile. 

 The same problems with the 'welcome' that new hams get play out throughout the ten-year term of existing Technician Class license-holders. And these problems have nothing to with licensing or testing requirements, privileges, "image", or a lack of outright hostility. These problems are all social in nature, but we refuse to accept that. Instead, we chalk it up to technical matters. If only new hams (and existing Techs) could get some help with their massive ignorance, then they would feel welcome and take their place among the community -- or so the narrative goes. 

 In my opinion, this narrative is not based in fact. New hams aren't that ignorant, or at least they know enough to navigate the aspects of the hobby they do engage in. The problem is not found in some imaginary faction of cranky, verbally-abusive Bad Guys snarling, "Yer an idiot, and I'm not gonna help you!". Yet, whenever any issues involving unconstructive social interactions arise, the 'problem' is immediately and incontrovertibly frozen into an imaginary scenario where the poor, dumb Tech was left traumatized by a brush with Evil Bad Guys and now they think that all hams are Evil Bad Guys. Each case must be examined in a vacuum, to avoid seeing a wider issue emerging. By creating an imaginary problem (Scary Bad Guys) and dismissing it, we can safely dismiss the consideration of any other problems. Zero-sum reasoning.

 What any new entrant (or any existing ham that admits to being a Technician) experiences is the idea that they are "second-class". They are not allowed to express opinions on the hobby, unless they scrupulously line up with the Approved Opinions of the hobby's group think. None of their experiences will be considered valid, just rejected like the babblings of an infant. None of their interests are taken seriously or supported, unless those interests involve HF operation with a General Class license. There's an underlying impression that these responsible, reasonably intelligent adults are just a little too dim to know what they really want. So, as a helpful, noble soul who wants to advance the hobby and make people feel welcome, the senior ham stoops down from his lofty realm to guide the amoeba-like intellect of the poor, hapless Technician. 

 Again, this is a false premise and solution in search of a problem. It's a firm belief that any Technician is undoubtedly inferior, but that they can be taught to be worthwhile someday. Just an aside to any senior hams reading this: you aren't nearly as good at concealing this belief as you seem to think you are. 

 This is a hobby that requires social interaction in order to participate. It would seem obvious that some analysis of how the social hierarchy functions, how this hierarchy plays out in social exchanges, and how constructive these exchanges are is something that shouldn't be dismissed by false premises and strawman arguments. NONE of this has anything to do with operating a radio, so it's unclear to me how this plays into the "technical skills" narrative. Sure, some Technicians might not have the skills to engage in HF operation. But they aren't doing that, are they? You could also say that a considerable number of senior hams lack skills in aspects of the hobby like microwave, packet, and satcom. Yet, none of that seems to be important to those who are obsessed with "technical skills". 

 What does the hobby gain from this rigid social hierarchy and contempt for the entry-level Class? If it's supposed to motivate Technicians to "earn the respect" of senior hams, then it's failing miserably at that goal. If senior hams need someone to look down upon in order to feel good about their involvement in amateur radio, doesn't that undermine the narrative that HF is the Promised Land that is the solution to every problem? These senior hams already have arrived in the Promised Land of Eternal Happiness, yet they somehow need some grubby ego boost to make it worthwhile? Why do senior hams have so much difficulty in understanding that some people aren't interested in the aspects of the hobby that they are intrigued by? Aren't these supposed to be the wisest, most intelligent people on the planet?

 Are clubs "welcoming"? It depends on how you define the word. Rather than look at the social situation from the new entrants' point of view, we always choose to look at it from the senior hams' point of view. And, as always, we dishonestly employ strawman logic. Did the club allow them on the repeater? Okay, they're "welcome". Whatever social exchanges transpire from that are irrelevant, because the noble senior hams have already made the new entrant "welcome". Did the club let them into a meeting? Yes. How "welcoming" do you want to get, buddy? They spoke the magic words, "Welcome to Amateur Radio", didn't they? From the senior hams' perspective, the club has bent over backwards to make the new entrant seem welcome. 

 From the other perspective, the Technician (new or existing) finds a challenging and demeaning social situation. They arrive at a meeting to find a dozen geriatrics over 70. Beyond the glib, inane, and insincere "welcome" magic words, they find probing questions designed to determine if they are "the right sort" -- or "worth the effort". The senior hams have immediately mentally classed the Tech as a moron, so they believe the Tech will never catch on when they treat the new entrant like a moron. 

 To the Tech entering that social situation, it becomes clear that they are only welcome if:

  • they express shame over being a lowly Technician. 
  • they readily concede that whatever observations, opinions, interests, or knowledge they may have are inconsequential and must always be abandoned to align with their Wise Elders. 
  • they say that they desperately want HF phone privileges. 
  • they make it clear that they are helpless without the guidance of the Wise Elders. 
  • they find constant discussion of geriatric issues to be compelling and intriguing. 
  • they are unperturbed by having any reasonable thing they say turned into something stupid that they never even implied. 
  • they are willing to spend large sums of money to buy new gear that is approved of by their new Masters in the hobby. 

 I should probably add that the new entrant must be willing to at least nod along with the flakiest right-wing opinions, and must never question clearly false statements by his "superiors" on matters well outside amateur radio. It's amazing how quickly these Good Guys characterize any kind of independent thought as "uppity". If a senior ham says that Quito is the capital of Peru (as happened to me), you must nod along and defer to your "superior". 

 In short, the new entrant feels as if they are considered equivalent to a dim-witted child who requires supervision and is on some kind of poorly-defined "probation". The existing Tech license-holder is already well aware of their position at the bottom of the totem-pole, so they would find it less glaring (though unsurprising). These issues involve social interaction, not licensing or testing, technical skill level, or magic words being uttered. The Good Guy senior ham is well-intentioned, but ultimately fails in conveying "friendliness" because they simply can't consider the Technician to be anything other than an inferior moron. 

 After ten years of being condescended to in every way by "Helpful Good Guys", the Tech must ask themselves if it's worth the effort to get their General Class license -- not for the privileges, but merely to allow some stuck-up senior ham permission to consider them to be something more than sub-human. That's the unspoken social contract that KE9V is oblivious to. And that's why we can't hold on to existing Technicians. Senior hams vastly over-estimate the value of their condescending little pats on the head, just as they vastly over-estimate their skill at concealing their disdain of their inferiors. Again, what benefit is gained by alienating and demeaning their fellow operators?

 We haven't tried changing this situation because it isn't a legal, technical, or procedural problem. It's an attitude problem, and that problem belongs to the senior hams. Instead, they spin any discussion of the social phenomena into glib advice as to how the Technician can better ingratiate themselves to their superiors. Senior hams see that as being grand, constructive, and helpful. Everyone else sees that as clueless, tone-deaf, demeaning, and alienating. 

 Underneath all of this is some very strange and unspoken idea that some kind of "hazing" is called for in this hobby. Along with that is an equally delusional notion that people will put up with any amount of disdain and contempt if it results in their ascendancy to acceptance. Maybe this was somewhat true in limited situations in the world before internet and cell phones. We constantly see the idea expressed that we need to "go back to what worked" in the past -- as if the technological context the hobby exists in hasn't changed at all. For example, once upon a time in the Dark Ages before cell phones, people were willing to learn Morse code and take an exam to access phone patches and have a "mobile phone". Now they aren't willing to do that. Hmm. 

 This is, in fact, a hobby. It's something that people do for recreation. Why apply some sort of social hierarchy that's slightly more rigid than the military to a recreational activity? Even the military acknowledges the value and contributions of the lower ranks. Yet senior hams can't even meet that low bar, preferring instead to eliminate their inferiors from their ranks.

 We also need to consider that there are now tens of thousands of ex-licensed Technicians out there, and they probably aren't spinning encouraging stories to prospective new hams. On the one hand you have a peer saying that they tried it and didn't like it. On the other hand, you have an arrogant geezer telling you that they might accept you as a human being -- if you play your cards right and do what they say. And the geezer thinks he's being very generous with this offer. Which is more compelling to the prospective operator?

 We're already seeing the Great Thought Leaders of the hobby pushing the idea of "grandfathering" the Technician Class altogether. Basically, we're designating roughly half (49%) of all licensed amateurs as unworthy, and framing their entrance to the hobby as a mistake. And the entire idea is pitched drenched in condescension and arrogance. Those poor dim Techs were lead into the hobby by the promise of HF operation privileges, and they became discouraged when they discovered that wasn't the case -- or so the narrative goes. That's why they left. Because they knew they could never find True Happiness as a lowly Technician... supposedly. The entire Technician Class is framed as a cruel hoax, and its victims too stupid to even grasp how they had been tricked into thinking their license was anything other than worthless. 

 And KE9V draws a logically-unsupported conclusion from all of this: senior hams are exhausted from all of the effort they've made to help the ungrateful insects at the bottom

 Hmm. KE9V is tired of other amateurs saying that we have a problem retaining existing amateurs, and he's even more tired of some stupid amateurs expressing the idea that making half of them into second-class citizens is not constructive. He's earned the right to treat Technicians like crap, hasn't he? Why is this even an issue, when those morons can always upgrade and be treated like a "real ham"? 

 And, truth be told, KE9V's critique is not some fringe opinion. It's firmly in line with the Approved Opinions of the hobby's rigid group-think, in fact. Nothing should change. We should go back to the 1950's order, in fact. We need to make it harder to get an amateur license, not easier. Then it will "mean something", we're told. I'm not sure which take is more ridiculous: the narrative that senior hams are some kind of technical elite working on the bleeding edge, or the notion that amateur radio was created to be a sanctuary for a demographic firmly living in the past. 

 Officially, the only problem that senior hams acknowledge as being even conditionally valid is that there are too many dumb and lazy people out there with amateur licenses. Now, of course, some people are implying that the steep decline in the number of amateur licenses might also fit into the definition of the term "problem". 

 Rather than address these concerns rationally, senior hams erect strawman arguments like "The hobby is DYING!", which they then knock down. See, there's not really a 'problem' now. Because, as long as there is some kind of activity somewhere -- even if it's only contrived activity -- the hobby is therefore "not dying". And "not dying" is, with the proper amount of cognitive distortion applied, the exact same thing as being healthy and robust. Zero-sum logic. If you're not dying, then you're perfectly healthy. Those are the only two options, per the hobby's group-think. And our Esteemed Elders constantly present this flawed logic as irrefutable wisdom. Someone can have chronic and daunting health issues, but that can be dismissed because they aren't dead, according to the brilliant binary, zero-sum logic senior hams have clung to for decades. Nope, the only possibility is that the chronically-ill person is perfectly healthy. Because they aren't dead. And therefore, the hobby is perfectly healthy... simply because it's not dead.

 It doesn't really matter if the hobby is "dying" or not, though. The numbers are dropping at an unprecedented scale. Oddly, when the numbers were going up, this was continually presented as proof that the Old Guard was doing all the right things and having huge success. When the numbers are now going down, the very same people tell us "the numbers don't matter". Even dumber, these very same people spent years telling us that everyone was actually just imagining a decline in the amateur licenses. And these very same people are now floating 'solutions' like purging the ranks of the hobby by half to support their delusions. One thing that is clearly "dying" is the credibility of the Great Thought Leaders in amateur radio. 

 It seems painfully obvious to me that we're now eager to sacrifice the growth and future of the hobby so that a minority has someone to look down on and feel superior to. And that minority is now "tired" of people pointing out that situation, judging by KE9V's post. And we're supposed to feel grateful to KE9V for explaining all of this to the inferior masses. He tried to be friendly to those lazy idiots. He was very careful to avoid explicitly calling them "lazy idiots", although he made it abundantly clear that he considers them to actually be lazy idiots. That's "friendly", isn't it? It's time for all of those dimwit losers and rank failures to start earning that condescending little pat on the head, after all.

Sunday, 18 January 2026

Does anybody really know what time it is?

  Time is an overlooked element in APRS comms. Few operators consider it, and many gateways/digipeaters ignore it. Yet it impacts how packets are handled. 

 Time-keeping 

 All hardware TNCs have some kind of RTC (Real Time Clock), which is usually a simple, uncompensated quartz clock. A quartz clock gains or loses about 15 seconds a month, which may not seem like much. But as these devices run month after month, year after year, the discrepancy becomes significant. After a single year, that hardware RTC could be fast or slow by three minutes

 In the case of software TNCs (YAAC, DireWolf, Xastir, etc.) the accuracy depends on the computer running the software. If that computer is connected to the internet, the clock will be kept adjusted to within a few seconds. But a remote digipeater using a software TNC may not have an internet connection to perform that task. In other cases, the TNCs time may be ignored in favor of the client's time. For example, a Mobilinkd TNC will use the time from the smartphone running APRSDroid -- which is using the cellular network to update the current time. 

 I've long wondered why so many hardware TNCs do not allow GPS to be used for time correction. I'm unsure if there are many computers that would allow you to use GPS for time correction, either. An aftermarket accessory that would perform time correction using WWV (such as the so-called "atomic clocks" commonly sold) could also be useful. But I know of none existing. 

 Instead, either the internet or cellular networks tend to be used, if at all. Those who use FT8 (or variants) know that accuracy outside one second can degrade performance. These operators often install software to use NTP over the internet to keep their computer's clock corrected continuously.

 Timestamps 

 Some of this problem is mitigated in a somewhat clumsy way by stations refusing/neglecting to transmit a timestamp with their packets. The purpose of a timestamp is not to tell the world what time it is. It's supposed to tell the world what time your station thinks it is

 Here's an example of a timestamp sent by N0ANC-2, near St. Cloud: 

2026-01-16 17:00:58 CST: N0ANC-2>APMI04,TCPIP*,qAS,N0ANC-12:@162300z4528.75N\09410.42W-St. Augusta Mn VHF APRS Igate 
2026-01-16 17:29:58 CST: N0ANC-2>APMI04,TCPIP*,qAS,N0ANC-12:@162329z4528.75N\09410.42W-St. Augusta Mn VHF APRS Igate 
2026-01-16 17:58:58 CST: N0ANC-2>APMI04,TCPIP*,qAS,N0ANC-12:@162358z4528.75N\09410.42W-St. Augusta Mn VHF APRS Igate 

 The timestamp is sent as part of the packet, along with location and various other station info. In this case, N0ANC-2 uses a Microsat WX3-in-1 TNC. One of the mostly forgotten features of this TNC is the NTP capability when connected to the internet, such as being used for a gateway. 

 If your station is using DireWolf, YAAC, or Xastir (for example), it will not generally transmit a timestamp, regardless of how accurate the clock is. Likewise, digipeaters running UIDIGI do not transmit a timestamp. Neither does APRSDroid or the Kantronics KPC3 TNC. I haven't seen any mobile or HT rigs that have native APRS send a timestamp, though it may be possible. APRSICE32 and the newer Microsat TNCs can be configured to transmit a timestamp. 

 With so many stations virtually incapable of sending a timestamp, this creates a lot of ambiguity. It can make it much more difficult for a gateway (or the -IS network itself) to detect duplicate packets ("dupes"). The order of packets can also become tenuous. A timestamp is a reference point that can be used to distinguish one packet sent from another packet sent shortly afterward. Or the same packet being gated/digipeated twice, even though they are heard at slightly different times by the gateway or digipeater. A timestamped packet can also be compared with the packet data as shown on the -IS server, giving an idea of delay and latency. Using time stamped packets, I've been able to see digipeaters holding on to packets for a second or more -- which is forever when dealing in milliseconds.  

 Summary 

 Operators can work on the margins to improve this situation, but the long-term solutions will ultimately come from hardware manufacturers and software developers. 

 Hardware manufacturers can upgrade their firmware to make it possible to use GPS for time correction of the onboard RTC. They can also add timestamp capability for anything transmitted (RF or -IS). This would allow things like remote digipeaters to maintain the correct time. If we can have cheap "atomic clocks" that use WWV to keep accurate time, it should be relatively simple to add a device to a hardware TNC that will perform that function for the TNC's RTC. 

 Software developers can (and should) add NTP time correction as an option when networked. If DireWolf, UIDIGI, and YAAC would implement this change, significant improvement would be seen across the network. Adding a timestamp function would seem to be simple, and would improve efficiency across the network.